Glossary of computer hardware terms. This is a glossary of terms relating to computer hardware physical computer hardware, architectural issues, and peripherals. ASIC or expansion card designed to offload a specific task from the CPU, often containing fixed function hardware a common example is a Graphics processing unit. CPU in which intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored. AI acceleratoran accelerator aimed running artificial neural networks or other machine learning and machine vision algorithms either training or deployment, e. Hardware And Software Parallelism In Computer Architecture Definition' title='Hardware And Software Parallelism In Computer Architecture Definition' />Movidius Myriad 2, True. North, Tensor processing unit etc. Blob Eat Blob Games'>Blob Eat Blob Games. ATXAdvanced Technology extended a motherboard form factor specification developed by Intel in 1. DE factor standards like the AT form factor. ATThe dimensions and layout form factor of the motherboard for the IBM AT. AGPAccelerated Graphics Port a high speed point to point channel for attaching a video card to a computers motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3. This is a glossary of terms relating to computer hardware в physical computer hardware, architectural issues, and peripherals. Computer Architecture from Princeton. D computer graphics. Blu ray Discan optical discstorage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. A small, fast local memory that transparently buffers access to a larger but slower or more distanthigher latency memory or storage device, organised into cache lines. Automatically translates accesses to the underlying resources address space to locations in the cache. A small block of memory within a cache the granularity of allocation,refills,eviction typically 3. The process of keeping data in multiple caches synchronised in a multi processorshared memory system, also required when DMA modifies the underlying memory. Caused by a cache miss whilst a cache is already full. Not finding data in a local cache, requiring use of the cache policy to allocate and fill this data, and possibly performing evicting other data to make room. A pathological situation where access in a cache cause cyclical cache misses by evicting data that is needed in the near future. Hardware parallelism vs. Download Google Toolbar Standalone Installer there. The difficulty in achieving software parallelism means that new ways of. Computer architecture, p. Hardware vs. Software Parallelism. Defined by machine architecture, hardware multiplicity. The number of potential cache lines in an associative cache that a specific physical addresses can be mapped to higher values reduce potential collisions in allocation. Card readera data input device that reads data from a card shaped storage medium. Computer casethe enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse. CD RCompact Disc Recordable a variation of the optical compact disc which may be written to once. Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing Mark Weiser March 23, 1993 to appear in CACM, July 1993 Ubiquitous computing is the method of enhancing. Computer Architecture Whats the difference between pipelining and parallelism loadstore. CD RWCompact Disc Re. Writable a variation of the optical compact disc which may be written to many times. COMACache only memory architecture, a multiprocessormemory architecture where an address space is dynamically shifted between processor nodes based on demand. Compact Disc Re. Writable. See CD RWCD ROMCompact Disc Read Only Memory a pre pressed compact disc which contains data or music playback. CPU. corethe portion of a CPU which actually performs arithmetic and logical operations. A CPU may have multiple cores e. CPUCentral processing unit the portion of a computer system that executes the instructions of a computer program. Conventional PCIConventional Peripheral Component Interconnect a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. Computer case. Computer chassis, cabinet, box, tower, enclosure, housing, system unit or simply case the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer usually excluding the display, keyboard and mouse. Computer fan. Computer form factor. The name used to denote the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc. Computer monitor1An electronicvisual display for computers. A monitor usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display TFT LCD or a flat panel LED display, while older monitors used a cathode ray tubes CRT. Chipsetor chip set a group of integrated circuits, or chips, that are designed to work together. They are usually marketed as a single product. Channel IOa generic term that refers to a high performance inputoutput IO architecture that is implemented in various forms on a number of computer architectures, especially on mainframe computers. D cachea cache in a CPU or GPU servicing data load and store requests, mirroring main memory or VRAM for a GPU. Computer data storagea technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. Device memorylocal memory associated with a hardware device such as a graphics processing unit or Open. CLcompute device, distinct from main memory. DASDDirect Access Storage Device A mainframe terminology introduced by IBM denoting secondary storage with random access, typically arrays of hard disk drives. DIMMdual in line memory module A series of dynamic random access memory integrated circuits. These modules are mounted on a printed circuit board and designed for use in personal computers, workstations and servers. Display. Port. Display. Port is a digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association VESA. The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. Direct mapped cachea cache where each physical address may only be mapped to one cache line, indexed using the low bits of the address. Simple but highly prone to allocation conflicts. DMADirect memory access the ability of a hardware device such as a disk drive or network interface to access main memory without intervention from the CPU, provided by one or more DMA channels in a system. DVDDigital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc an optical compact disc of the same dimensions as compact discs CDs, but store more than six times as much data. DVIDigital Visual Interface DVI is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group DDWG. The digital interface is used to connect a video source to a display device, such as a computer monitor. Drive baya standard sized area for adding hardware hard drives, CD drives, etc. DRAMDynamic random access memory a type of random access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit and which must be periodically refreshed to retain the stored data. Expansion carda printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. An expansion bus is a computer bus which moves information between the internal hardware of a computer system including the CPU and RAM and peripheral devices. It is a collection of wires and protocols that allows for the expansion of a computer. Firewall. A hardware device or software to protect a computer from viruses, malware, trojans etc. Flash Memorya type of non volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. Free and open source graphics device driver. Graphics hardware. Graphics processing unithard disk drivea non volatile storage device that stores data on rapidly rotating rigid i.